manufacturing

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Wine: Savoring the Flavor, Not the Price

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Vocabulary & Expressions

pleasant: 기분 좋은
Yeah, that’s really not very pleasant.

inconsistent: 일관성 없는
Professional judges give medals in wine competitions, but they’re really inconsistent.

distribution: 분포
This is the distribution of gold medals that you would expect if they were awarded by random chance.

surreptitiously: 남모르게
consistently: 일관되게
When surreptitiously given the same wine 3 times, only 1 in 10 of the judges at the California State Fair wine competition consistently awarded it the same medal.

all over the map: 제각각인
Wine ratings published in magazines can be all over the map too.

in reality: 실제로는
associated: 관련된
In reality, it was the same wine, but when they thought it was expensive, their brains showed more activity in a region associated with pleasant tastes and smells.

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Supply Chains and Strategic Partnerships

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Vocabulary & Expressions

fragile: 취약한
One of the many things that the Covid-19 pandemic taught us was just how fragile most organization supply chains are.

disruption: 지장
A White House report indicates that a majority of businesses experienced major disruptions over a year after the onset of the pandemic.

accelerate: 가속화하다
Now this served as a long-term positive because it helped us accelerate industry changes.

agile: 민첩한
The organizations that were best able to respond to pandemic challenges had adopted an agile approach…

transparency: 투명성
They also need improved communication with suppliers to achieve full supply chain transparency.

collaboration: 협력
Now, let’s look at number three: emphasizing collaboration to solve problems.

sustainability: 지속 가능성
The fourth area is maximizing resiliency, agility, and sustainability.

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IKEA Effect’ Behind the Company’s Business Model

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Vocabulary & Expressions

encounter: (예기치 않게) 맞닥뜨리다, 마주하다
If you’ve ever visited an Ikea, you’ve likely encountered their store’s endlessly winding floor plan.

conventional: 통상적인
Ikea may be the biggest furniture retailer on the planet, but it’s certainly not conventional.

maze: 미로
When you step into an Ikea, you immediately sort of are put into this maze-like path of different rooms.

keep (someone) curious: 계속 (누군가를) 궁금하게 하다
The floor plan of most Ikea stores resembles a maze that curves about every 50 feet to keep customers curious about what comes next.

frustratingly: 답답할 정도로
An Ikea is, to some, frustratingly winding, but really, it’s laid out as an experience to get you to buy more.

coin (something): (새로운 말이나 표현 등을) 만들다
The term Ikea effect was first coined in 2011 by researchers who noticed a similar phenomenon in other products and businesses.

dorm: 기숙사
You know, obviously, if you go into a student dorm room, you’re gonna find a lot of Ikea, but you’ll also find some Ikea products in a wealthy person’s home.

aesthetic: 미학
 It’s this idea that everything is imbalanced, both price, form, function, the aesthetic, the sustainability.

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The Economics of McDonald’s International

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Vocabulary & Expressions

exclusive: 독점적인, 전용의  
respective: 각각의
They’re exclusive to McDonald’s in their respective countries.

bulk: 대부분
…but the bulk of their restaurants are actually international.

localization: 현지화
Adopting a menu like this is a strategy companies use called localization…

incorporate: 포함하다
Local flavors are incorporated in several ways.

interpretation: 해석, 이해
spice: 양념, 향신료
…each one of those markets has a different interpretation of what spice means to their consumers.

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How Tiger Woods’ Secret Weapon Was Made

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Vocabulary & Expressions

take a sneak peek: 먼저 보다
Fast Company took a sneak peek…to find out why these golf clubs are Tiger Woods-approved.

measurably: 확연하게
prior: 이전의
…they will not put a product in their bag unless it’s measurably better than the prior generation product…

from scratch: 맨 처음부터
…build their own technology from scratch, without having the option to turn to other industries or products.

abrasion: 마모, 마열
One thing it doesn’t do well is resist abrasion.

dial in: 조정하다
And it also allows us to dial in whatever kind of swing we want…

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Why Car Companies Still Spend Thousands on Clay Models

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Vocabulary & Expressions

intricate: 복잡한
The details vary based on how intricate of a model it is.

finalize: 마무리 짓다, 완결하다
Depending on how many adjustments are made to the model, it can take a couple of years to finalize.

evaluate: 평가하다
It’s very difficult to evaluate proportions of a car on a screen.

aerodynamic: 공기 역학의
Clay models can also be useful for aerodynamic testing in the wind tunnels, where engineers evaluate a car’s drag or how easily it passes through the air around it.

ancient: 고대의, 아주 오래된
This doesn’t mean clay models are an ancient design method that hasn’t changed.

tedious: 지루한, 싫증 나는
malleable: 가단성의, 두들겨 펼 수 있는
An edit like this can be tedious, but using the malleable clay allows designers to visualize and make multiple changes with real-world proportions.

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Why Americans Love SUVs

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Vocabulary & Expressions

spike: 급증
This big spike in sales is forcing automakers to make big changes.

analyst: 분석가
That’s Michael Ward, an auto analyst at Williams Trading.

workforce: (기업 등의) 노동자, 직원
They do have a talented workforce in the Lordstown area.

mileage: 연비
…better mileage, higher profit, and consumer need.

affordable: 감당할 수 있는 (가격)
Some experts think low gas prices make SUVs and trucks more affordable.

gas-guzzling: 연료를 많이 소비하는
behemoth: 거대한 것
On top of the falling prices, these SUVs aren’t the gas-guzzling behemoths of the early 2000s.

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Flying Car Completes First Inter-City Flight

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Vocabulary & Expressions

click of a button: 클릭 한번으로 될 만큼 쉬운
A 35-minute flight in a car that at the click of a button can transform into an aircraft…

niche market: 틈새 시장
take off and land: 이·착륙
While this flight represents a milestone in this niche market, it isn’t the only prototype in town and it needs a runway to take off and land…

take off: 도약하다, 발전하다
But with the technology taking off, there is the question of exactly how they will fit into today’s world.

staple: 주요한 테마
depict: 묘사하다
dystopian: 반(反)이상향의
                       (≠ utopian)
Flying cars may be a staple in films depicting dystopian futures where traffic jams would be a problem.

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How Cars Went From Boxy to Curvy

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Vocabulary & Expressions

sleek: 매끈한
…streamliners like this Chrysler Airflow used a sleek design to reduce wind resistance.

steady decline: 꾸준한 감소
Gas prices were on a fairly steady decline at this point, so streamlining for fuel efficiency was less of a concern.

whopping: 무려
In the 60s, a gallon of gas in France cost a whopping 73.1 cents, while it was just 31 cents in the U.S.

aerodynamic: 공기 역학의
So European designers started experimenting with more aerodynamic designs…

upscale: 고소득층에 속하는, 부유한
…American automakers started to copy the European aerodynamic look to try to attract upscale customers.

skyrocket: 급등하다
American gas prices at this point were skyrocketing due to conflict in the Middle East.
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In-car Entertainment Systems Featured at CES

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Vocabulary & Expressions

show off: 뽐내다, 자랑하다
…automakers showed off their next-generation vehicles at the CES 2023 Trade Show…

reshape: 재편하다, 변화시키다
…they’re reshaping the in-car entertainment experience.

converge: 모여들다
Thousands of tech enthusiasts converging on Las Vegas were given a peek…

make waves: 화제를 모으다
This smart baby stroller made waves.

pinch: 꼬집다, 꼭 집다
…we try to determine the ripeness of avocados by pinching avocados in the store…

non-destructive: 비파괴적인
We are using a non-destructive method with light…

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